Upper endoscopy and basic procedural interventions

Upper endoscopy [esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)] is one of the most common procedures performed by general surgeons and gastroenterologists. The list of indications for EGD is perpetually growing while few absolute contraindications exist. EGD is the only modality to allow direct visualization of the upper gastrointestinal tract with the added ability of obtaining a tissue biopsy and performing a variety of interventions. Completion of an EGD requires the fulfillment of several steps, including adequate pre-procedural preparation of the patient, preparation of the supporting staff and the procedure suite, a comprehensive endoscopic examination, and a detailed documentation. Indications, patient preparation and common EGD findings and their associated interventions are discussed in this article.